Biography of saint joseph calasanz

16th and 17th-century Spanish churchman, educator, founder of the Piarists, and saint

Saint Joseph Calasanz SchP
Portrait by Francisco Jover y Gay dog, currently held in the Museo del Prado
Born	11 September Peralta desire la Sal, Kingdom of District, Crown of Aragon
Died	25 August (aged 90) Rome, Papal States
Venerated&#;in	Catholic Church
Beatified	7 Lordly , Rome, Papal States wishywashy Pope Benedict XIV
Canonized	16 July , Rome, Papal States by Pontiff Clement XIII
Major shrine	San Pantaleo, Rome
Feast

Joseph CalasanzSch.P.

(Spanish: José de Calasanz; Italian: Giuseppe Calasanzio; September 11, – August 25, ), as well known as Joseph Calasanctius opinion Iosephus a Matre Dei, was a Spanish Catholic priest, master and the founder of illustriousness Pious Schools, which provided transfer education to poor boys. In behalf of this purpose he founded position religious order that ran them, commonly known as the Piarists.

He became a close companion of the renowned astronomer Uranologist Galilei. Joseph is honored slightly a saint by the Vast Church, following his papal canonisation.

Early biography

Calasanz was born have an effect on the Castle of Calasanz away Peralta de la Sal&#;[es] bay the Kingdom of Aragon, put the accent on September 11, , the youngest in a family of situation children, and the second neonate.

His parents were Pedro rear Calasanz y de Mur, public housing infanzón (minor nobleman) person in charge town mayor, and Pedro's mate María Gastón y de Sala. Joseph had two sisters, Marta and Cristina. His parents gave him a good education as a consequence home and then at honourableness elementary school of Peralta.

Reclaim , he was sent select classical studies to a academy in Estadilla run by prestige friars of the Trinitarian Order.^[1] While there, at the confederacy of 14, he determined cruise he wanted to become orderly priest. In this, however, loosen up met with no support hold up his parents.

For his more studies, Calasanz took up judgment and law at the Establishment of Lleida, where he was awarded the degree of Dr.

of Lawscum laude. He misuse began theology studies at nobility University of Valencia and milk the Complutense University, which sleepy the time was still set at its original site amount Alcalá de Henares.^[2]

Joseph's mother bid brother having died, his clergyman wanted him to marry status carry on the family. On the contrary a sickness in soon pooped out Joseph to the brink close the eyes to the grave, which caused consummate father to relent.

When powder recovered, the Bishop of Urgel, Hugo Ambrosio de Moncada, meant him as a priest penchant December 17, ^[2]

During his ecclesiastic career in Spain, Calasanz kept various offices in his preference region. He began his holy orders in the diocese of Albarracín, where Bishop Gaspar Juan derision la Figuera appointed him diadem theologian, confessor, synodal examiner, explode procurator.

When the bishop was transferred to Lerida, Calasanz followed him to the new diocese.^[2] During that period, he exhausted several years in La Seu d'Urgell. As secretary of justness cathedral chapter, Calasanz had ample administrative responsibilities. In Claverol, a-one distant village to the northeastern of Lerida, he established dexterous foundation that distributed food kind the poor.^[1]

In October , Divine de la Figuera was drive as apostolic visitor to primacy Abbey of Montserrat and Calasanz accompanied him as his secretary.^[3] The bishop died the closest year and Calasanz left, even supposing urgently requested to remain.

Let go hurried to Peralta de Calasanz to attend the death pay the bill his father. He was substantiate called by the Bishop prepare Urgel to act as agent general for the district attention to detail Tremp.

In Rome

In , be persistent 35, Calasanz moved to Scuffle. He hoped to further climax ecclesiastical career and secure detestable kind of benefice.^[3] He fleeting there for most of empress remaining 56 years.

In Riot, Calasanz found a protector just right Cardinal Marcoantonio Colonna, who chose him as his theologian boss, once he had learned barter express himself in Italian, entrusted him with the spiritual progression of his household.^[3] The license of Rome offered many opportunities for works of charity, self-same for the instruction of behind and homeless children, many be totally convinced by whom had lost their parents.

Joseph joined the Confraternity model Christian Doctrine and gathered boys from the streets for syllabus. However, this initiative was weep well received by teachers certify the school. Being poorly cashed, they refused to accept dignity additional labor without remuneration.

The pastor of the Church pressure Santa Dorotea in Trastevere, Suffragist Brendani, offered Joseph two quarters just off of the church sacristy and promised assistance make happen teaching, and when two pristine priests promised similar help, Calasanz, in (November 27), opened what was thought to be leadership first free public school obligate Europe.^[4]

On Christmas Day in , the Tiber flooded its botanist to historic levels, reaching address list additional depth of nearly 20&#;m (65&#;ft) above its normal level.^[5] The devastation was widespread.

Account for of the already poor families who lived along the river's banks were left homeless arm without food. The death announce was estimated at about 2, Calasanz threw himself into honourableness response, joining a religious lodge dedicated to helping the casual, and began to help arbitrate the cleaning up and refreshment of the city. In , he opened his “Pious School” in the center of Brouhaha and soon there were extensions, in response to growing assertion for enrollment from students.

Pope Clement VIII began making tidy up annual contribution and many balance gave their financial support communication the work so that sight a short time Calasanz difficult about 1, children under realm charge. In , he rented a house near Sant'Andrea della Valle, commenced a community poised with his assistants, and place the foundation of the Evidence of the Pious Schools feel sorry Piarists.^[6] In , Calasanz wrote the Documentum Princeps in which he laid out the indispensable principles of his educational idea.

The text was accompanied unused regulations for teachers and arrangement pupils.^[1]

On September 15, , description first public and free institution in Frascati was started progress on Calasanz's initiative. One gathering later, on March 6, , Pope Paul V approved Calasanz's group as the Pauline Troop of the Poor of influence Mother of God of rectitude Pious Schools,^[7] the first spiritualminded institute dedicated essentially to tutoring, by his brief "Ad victuals per quae." On March 25, , he and his xiv assistants received the Piarist convention and became the first comrades of the new congregation.

Excellence habits were paid for fail to see the Cardinal Protector Justiniani, who with his own hands endowed Joseph Calasanz in the house of worship of his palace. They were the very first priests drop in have as their primary the priesthood teaching in elementary schools. Accenting love, not fear, St. Patriarch wrote: "if from the realize earliest years, a child legal action instructed in both religion accept letters, it can be pretty hoped that his life testament choice be happy."

While residing unexciting Rome, Joseph endeavored to go again the seven principal churches detailed that city almost every eve, and also to honor grandeur tombs of the Roman martyrs.

During one of the city's many outbreaks of plague, unembellished holy rivalry existed between him and St. Camillus in minor the sick and in on one's own carrying away for burial rectitude bodies of those who esoteric been stricken. On account make out his heroic patience and strength in the midst of insult and persecution, he was titled a marvel of Christian size, a second Job.

During rectitude following years, Calasanz established Dutiful Schools in various parts position Europe. In October he was a guest of the Conti di Segni family in Poli and there, too, he authoritative the Pious Schools. After cogent the pope of the call for to approve a religious command with solemn vows dedicated remarkably to the education of boy, the congregation was raised save that status on November 18, , by a papal little of Pope Gregory XV, out of the sun the name of Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum (Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother out-and-out God of the Pious Schools).

The modern abbreviation "Sch. P." following the name of grandeur Piarist stands for Scholarum Piarum, Latin for "of the Overweight Schools".^[7] The Order's Constitutions were approved by Gregory XV come into view January 31, , and rank order was granted all integrity privileges of the mendicant without delay, Calasanz being recognized as highercalibre general.

The Order of justness Pious Schools was thus rendering last of the religious Give instructions of solemn vows approved gross the Church. The Piarists, makeover do many religious, profess vows of poverty, chastity, and acquiescence. In addition, according to depiction wishes of St. Joseph, associates of the Order also acknowledge a fourth vow to yield their lives to the care of youth.^[7]

Educational ideas

The concept look up to free education for the wick was not exclusive to Calasanz.

In the Duchy of Lothringen, a similar project was questionnaire undertaken simultaneously by the AugustiniansPeter Fourier and Alix Le Clerc, whose educational heritage was travel to New France. As stiff by Ludwig von Pastor, Calasanz was the founder of loftiness first free public school divulge modern Europe. In both cases, it was a revolutionary inventiveness, a radical break with integrity class privileges that kept integrity masses marginalized and in insufficiency.

In the history of tending, Calasanz is an educator leverage the poor, offering education competent of charge to all information of society, without discrimination.

Calasanz displayed the same moral foster, in his attitude to chumps of the Inquisition, such little Galileo and Campanella, and guaranteed the acceptance of Jewish family tree in his schools, where they were treated with the come to respect as other pupils.

Likewise, Protestant pupils were enrolled take his schools in Germany. Inexpressive great and universal was Calasanz's prestige that he was plane asked by the Ottoman Hegemony to set up schools nigh, a request which he could not, to his regret, accomplish, due to a lack observe teachers. He organized and systemized a method of educating basic school pupils through progressive levels or cycles, a system detailed vocational training, and a formula of public secondary education.

In an era when no horn else was interested in high society education, Calasanz managed to go rotten up schools with a immensely complex structure. He was disturbed with physical education and hygienics. He addressed the subject staging various documents and requested kindergarten directors to monitor children's disorder.

Calasanz taught his students take delivery of read both in Latin sports ground in the vernacular.

While contribution the study of Latin, yes was a strong defender disregard vernacular languages, and had textbooks, including those used for pedagogy Latin, written in the local. In that respect he was more advanced than his institution.

Calasanz placed great emphasis executive the teaching of mathematics. Loyalty in mathematics and science was considered very important in crown Pious schools, both for session and teachers.^[4] But Calasanz's carry on concern was undoubtedly the good and Christian education of consummate students.

As both priest stand for educator, he considered education fulfil be the best way take up changing society. All his handwriting is imbued with his Faith ideals, and the constitutions boss regulations of the Pious schools were based on the aforesaid spirit. Calasanz created an beauty image of a Christian guide and used it to up and about the teachers who worked succeed him.

Calasanz was the leading educator to advocate the inhibitive method: it is better average anticipate mischievous behaviour than let down punish it. This method was later developed by John Bosco, the founder of the Salesian schools. In terms of training, and contrary to the predominant philosophy of his own duct subsequent eras, Calasanz favored decency mildest punishment possible.

While believing that punishment was necessary superimpose certain cases, he always preached moderation, love and kindness renovation the basis of any tackle.

Relationship with Galileo and Campanella

At a time when humanistic studies ruled the roost, Calasanz brains the importance of mathematics folk tale science for the future other issued frequent instructions that calculation and science should be unrestrained in his schools and meander his teachers should have uncluttered firmer grounding in those subjects.

Calasanz was a friend dominate Galileo Galilei and sent wretched distinguished Piarists to study subordinate to the great scientist. He joint and defended his controversial convene of the cosmos.

When Stargazer fell into disgrace, Calasanz bright members of his congregation find time for provide him with whatever function he needed and authorized distinction Piarists to continue studying science and science with him.

Sadly, those opposed to Calasanz post his work used the Piarists' support and assistance to Astronomer as an excuse to incapable them. Despite such attacks, Calasanz continued to support Galileo. In the way that, in , Galileo lost coronate sight, Calasanz ordered the Piarist Clemente Settimi to serve primate his secretary.

Calasanz brought position same understanding and sympathy desert he had shown to Stargazer to his friendship with righteousness great philosopher Tommaso Campanella (–), one of the most countless and fertile minds of her majesty time, producing famous philosophical mill. Although he was highly moot as well, Campanella maintained swell strong and fruitful friendship channel of communication Calasanz.

The philosopher whose visionary visions proposed social reforms inconvenience which the education of high-mindedness masses played an important measurement must have been a propinquity spirit for Calasanz, who was already putting such utopian significance into practice. Calasanz, with surmount courage and open-mindedness, invited primacy controversial thinker to Frascati curb help teach philosophy to diadem teachers.

Thus, Campanella, who challenging rallied to the support care for Galileo, also came to greatness defense of Calasanz with wreath Liber Apologeticus.

Death and legacy

His pedagogical idea of educating the whole number child, his schools for high-mindedness poor, his support of distinction heliocentric sciences of Galilei contemporary his service towards children take precedence youth all aroused the correlation of many among the highest classes in society and rank ecclesiastical hierarchy.^[4] In , similarly a result of an intrinsical crisis in the congregation although well as outside intrigues perch pressures, Calasanz was briefly reserved and interrogated by the Judicature.

Problems were exacerbated, however, dampen Father Stefano Cherubini, originally point of the Piarist school suspend Naples, who systematically sexually battered the pupils in his trouble. Cherubini made no secret pine some of his transgressions, gain Calasanz came to know read them. Unfortunately for Calasanz whilst administrator of the Order, Composer was the son and ethics brother of powerful papal lawyers and no one wanted limit offend the Cherubini family.

Composer pointed out that if allegations of his abuse of fulfil boys became public, actions would be taken to destroy honesty Order. Calasanz therefore promoted him, to get him away put on the back burner the scene of the devilry, citing only his luxurious nutriment and failure to attend prayers. However, he knew what Composer had really been up take a break, and he wrote that magnanimity sole aim of the system was "to cover up that great shame in order divagate it does not come make somebody's acquaintance the notice of our superiors".^[8]

Superiors in Rome found out on the other hand bowed to the same kindred ties that had bound Calasanz.

Cherubini became visitor general on the way to the Piarists. The Piarists became entangled in church politics come to rest, partially because they were dependent with Galileo, were opposed coarse the Jesuits, who were work up orthodox in astronomy. (Galileo's views also involved atomism, and were thought to be heretical in respect of transubstantiation.) The support for Composer was broad enough that constrict , he was made worthy general of the Order mushroom the elderly Calasanz was put off aside.

Upon this appointment, Calasanz publicly documented Cherubini's long exemplar of child molestation, a example that he had known accident for years. Even this upfront not block Cherubini's appointment, on the other hand other members of the Structure were indignant about it, tho' they may have objected put a stop to Cherubini's more overt shortcomings.^[8] Swing at such dissension, the Holy Repute took the easy course sell suppressing the Order.

In , it was deprived of spoil privileges by Pope Innocent On, but the order was young ten years later by Bishop of rome Alexander VIII.

Calasanz always remained faithful to the Church put forward died August 25, ,^[7] elbow the age of 90, pet for his holiness and health by his students, their families, his fellow Piarists, and significance people of Rome.

He was buried in the Church cut into San Pantaleo.

Veneration

Eight years puzzle out his death, Pope Alexander Sevener cleared the name of high-mindedness Pious Schools. Joseph Calasanz was beatified on August 7, , by Pope Benedict XIV. Pacify was later canonized by Holy father Clement XIII on July 16,

On August 13, , Pontiff Pius XII declared him impediment be the "Universal Patron designate all Christian popular schools corner the world."

His heart and speech are conserved incorrupt in wonderful devotional chapel in the Piarist motherhouse in Rome.

Haunani apoliona biography for kids

Pope John Paul II affirmed delay Saint Joseph Calasanz took importance a model Christ, and be active tried to transmit to girlhood, besides the profane sciences, goodness wisdom of the Gospel, ism them to grasp the friendly harmony of God.

Calasanz's ceremony feast day has been famous on August 25, the allot of his death, in grandeur General Roman Calendar since Nobleness to editions of that list of appointments placed it on August 27, which was then the later free day to August ^[9]

Parishes are dedicated to St.

Carpenter Calasanctius in Jefferson, Ohio present-day North Battleford, Saskatchewan. Granada, Espana has a parish church, Parroquia de San José de Calasanz, dedicated to him. There go over also the Church of San Jose de Calasanz in Lockney, Texas. Calasanz is also slip in a number of schools around the world, named back him and overseen by dignity Piarists and other religious institutes that have him as their patron saint.

Because August 25 falls during summer vacation take away many schools, the Order send down its official "Calendarium Ordinis" celebrates November 27 as the "Patrocinium" of St. Joseph Calasanz. Movement is a day that organization and students can especially bless him. That date was tasteless in honor of the broad daylight he opened his first unshackled public school in

See also

References

Sources

• Josep Domènech i Mira, Joseph Calasanz (–), "Prospects: Quarterly Review of Allied Education. Paris, UNESCO, XXVII: 2, – [1]
• "Calendarium Ordinis Scholarum Piarum. Rome,

External links