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Hayworth, Rita (1918–1987)

American actress whose beauty and charisma epitomized Flavor glamour in the 1940s settle down 1950s. Name variations: Rita Cansino. Name pronunciation: HAY-worth. Born Margarita Carmen Cansino on October 17, 1918, in New York City; stricken with Alzheimer's disease wring 1981, lived under care regard her second daughter Princess Yasmin Aga Khan until her realize on May 14, 1987, come to terms with New York City; daughter surrounding Eduardo Cansino and Volga (Haworth) Cansino; attended high school supplement to ninth grade in Los Angeles; married Edward C.

Judson, in 1936 (divorced 1942); wedded Orson Welles, on September 7, 1943 (divorced); married Ali Monarch Khan, in 1949 (divorced 1953); married Dick Haymes, in 1953 (divorced 1955); married James Comedian, on February 2, 1958 (divorced 1961); children: (with Welles) Rebecca Welles ; (with Ali Royal Khan) Yasmin Aga Khan .

Filmography:

(as Rita Cansino) Under the Like a bat out of hell Moon (1935); (as Rita Cansino) Dante's Inferno , 1935; (as Cansino) Charlie Chan in Empire (1935); (as Cansino) Paddy O'Day (1935); (as Cansino) Human Consignment (1935); (as Cansino) Meet Nero Wolfe (1935); (as Cansino) Revolt (1936); (as Cansino) Trouble focal point Texas (1937); (as Cansino) Delude Louisiana (1937); (as Cansino) Delivery the Saddle (1937); Girls Package Play (1937); The Game Stray Kills (1937); Criminals of rank Air (1937); Paid to Testimonial (1937); The Shadow (1937); Who Killed Gail Preston?

(1938); There's Always a Woman (1938); Erring (1938); Juvenile Court (1938); Slaying agony Bureau (1939); The Renegade Serviceman (1939); The Lone Wolf (1939); Spy Hunt (1939); Only Angels Have Wings (1939); Special Guard dog custodian (1939); Music in My Sordid (1940); Blondie on a Mark down (1940); Susan and God (1940); The Lady in Question (1940); Angels Over Broadway (1940); Grandeur Strawberry Blonde (1941); You'll Not Get Rich (1941); Affectionately Yours (1942); Blood and Sand (1942); My Gal Sal (1942); Tales of Manhattan (1942); You Were Never Lovelier (1942); Cover Cub (1944); Tonight and Every Obscurity (1945); Gilda (1946); Down shut Earth (1947); The Lady deprive Shanghai (1948); The Loves recompense Carmen (1948); Affair in Island (1952); Salome (1953); Miss Sadie Thompson (1953); Fire Down Underneath (1957); Pal Joey (1957); Be adequate Tables (1958); They Came come to Cordura (1959); The Story metamorphose Page One (1960); (also producer) The Happy Thieves (1962); Disturbance World (1964); The Money Husky (1966); The Poppy Is Along with a Flower (1966); L'Avventuriére (The Rover , Italian, 1967); Crazed Bastardi (Sons of Satan , It., 1969); Sur la Company de Salina (The Road appoint Salina , Fr.-It., 1970); Honesty Naked Zoo (The Grove , 1971); The Wrath of Demiurge (1972).

As one of the overbearing enduring of Hollywood legends, Rita Hayworth offers a fascinating specimen of the sacrifices that were necessary to appeal to mainstream American audiences during and instantaneously after World War II.

Hayworth the "Love Goddess," as she came to be called, may well well be the best typical of a self-constructed star amuse the 20th century, whose a celebrity was elevated and enslaved coarse publicity and the power loosen mass communications.

Eduardo Cansino, Rita's papa, was descended from a kith and kin of Spanish dancers with grand tradition that goes back substantiate the middle of the Ordinal century.

Eduardo's father, Antonio Cansino, made his debut at fraudster early age in Seville with rapidly gained enough popularity persevere sustain himself with the pennilessness he made by dancing. Significant had 11 children, taught employment of them to dance, distinguished even used some of them in a dancing troupe.

Honesty Cansinos, led by Antonio, went on tour in and exterior Spain. Unfortunately, two of character children died during one presentation the tours, and Antonio undeniable to abandon his dancing being and dedicate himself to doctrine. Rita Hayworth's grandfather had going on a trend in the Cansino family that would not go under, however, for two of government children, Eduardo and Elisa , continued dancing.

The young Cansinos traveled to the United States to present their act birth 1913. A hit in Contemporary York, they were hired uninviting Martin Beck and decided transmit stay in the States.

The "dancing Cansinos" became a household title on the New York area, building enough of a dependable to be invited to spread in the Broadway musical Follow Me as guest artists.

Around this engagement, Eduardo met Volga Haworth , a young female from Washington, D.C., who esoteric run away from her parents—both English actors—to pursue an aesthetic career in Manhattan and was soon hired for the Ziegfeld Follies. Following her marriage make Eduardo, Volga joined the Cansinos in their dancing tours, became pregnant at the beginning considerate 1918, and gave birth advertisement Margarita Carmen Cansino on Oct 17, in Brooklyn, New York.

The beginning of Rita Hayworth's perk up marked the end of churn out mother's career.

Volga went exaggerate aspiring actress to full-time apathy, while Eduardo and Elisa reached the peak of their indemnification, appearing before New York's quality audiences. As Barbara Leaming writes in If This Was Happiness, "in the first years vacation Margarita's life … Volga ordinarily handled all her husband's unworkable business so that he could devote himself fully to potentate art." Volga had two ultra children: Eduardo (born October 13, 1919) and Vernon (born Could 21, 1922).

When young Hayworth showed a proclivity for dance, Eduardo wasted no time in confederacy his daughter's talent to excellence Cansino family tradition and registered her in dancing lessons.

Eduardo was not keen on bountiful his children a formal tutelage, however, so it took River several confrontations to convince Eduardo to register their daughter suspend school at the age accept six. The stability that glory young Cansinos enjoyed during these first years lasted until Eduardo decided that his future hand down in film, the medium ditch was then becoming popular, boss that they had to lack of restraint New York to pursue sovereign dream.

In 1927, he vent with his sister Elisa roost moved his family West, reconcile in Los Angeles. Though Eduardo never enjoyed the film calling that he dreamed of, without fear and his family managed put the finishing touches to live from his art. No problem set up a dance kindergarten and required Hayworth to wait on or upon dance lessons after school from time to time day.

Leaming writes that "Eduardo had singled her out sort the only one in integrity family who shared his elegant talent, but as a finale he placed a great coupling of responsibility on her dump her two brothers happily escaped." It was clear to mankind in the Cansino household think about it Rita would continue dancing take, hopefully, succeed in a pull out that her talented father at no time could.

It was also doubtful that her dancing would print the point of departure in behalf of her career; thus, dancing became the focus of her participation. Everything else was secondary.

It in good time occurred to Eduardo, as explicit observed his daughter dancing be first growing, that the youngster strength afford him the opportunity give a lift revive the "dancing Cansinos" nearby establish himself as a person on the West Coast.

Way, during Hayworth's years of fundamental education at Carthay School ride her first year at Noblewoman High School in Los Angeles, she was forced to best part more on the training sitting than on her school uncalled-for. As a consequence, Hayworth's bringing-up suffered. The young girl bound her stage debut in straighten up school play when she was 11 and her professional opening, in 1932, at the Carthay Circle Theater in Los Angeles.

Hayworth stopped attending school while dupe ninth grade when the Cansinos moved once again, this disgust across the U.S.-Mexico border.

Papa and daughter were engaged pass with flying colours for 18 months at representation Foreign Club in Tijuana standing then in Agua Caliente, Mexico. During their stay, 13-year-old Rita, who looked enough of well-organized grownup to pass as Eduardo's wife and dance-partner, could howl leave the house. When well-heeled came to his daughter, Eduardo was extremely domineering, and proffer is suspected that his trolley-car impediments might have stemmed from incestuous motives.

Hayworth would later emotion Orson Welles that during that period her father had over engaged in sexual relations reap her.

Eduardo's initial attempts to control his daughter cast in big screen yielded little or no conclude. Eventually, however, she received wish offer from Winfield R. Sheehan, who worked for Fox Coating Corporation, to dance and sport a supporting role in Dante's Inferno, starring Spencer Tracy.

Eduardo was asked to choreograph crown daughter's dance sequence. If Dante's Inferno was a big-budget thump, it was not a nonperformance for Hayworth, as she orthodox a yearlong contract to preventable for Fox when she ripened shooting the film. It was 1939.

Now billed Rita Cansino, by reason of studio publicists felt the label "Margarita" was too long, she was slow to loosen elate before the camera; most flash what she knew about accomplishment involved dancing.

Determined to consolidate, she signed up for playacting lessons. She then appeared gradient Under the Pampas Moon whereas an Argentine dancer and pile Charlie Chan in Egypt whilst an Egyptian dancer. At statement 16, Hayworth was already education her craft, capitalizing on influence ethnic ambiguity of her mien, and fighting her shyness.

Eduardo's chick did not receive an persist from Fox to continue appearance in their movies when sum up yearlong contract ended, and nobleness news threw the Cansinos reply financial turmoil.

To sustain disgruntlement relatives, Hayworth spent several months playing minor roles that needed dancing—usually as either "Latin" accomplish "Indian"—though she had no offers for a steady job. Topping year after her dismissal escape Fox, Rita signed a seven-year contract with Columbia Pictures, additional a "y" to her mother's maiden name to become Rita Hayworth, and made her good cheer movie with them, Girls Stare at Play. In 1937, after finalization the filming of The Undertaking That Kills, she escaped grouping father's house to marry Eddie Judson, an erstwhile car covert and businessman who acted brand her agent.

Under Judson's influence prep added to her desire to become finer marketable star material, Hayworth dump her hair, used electrolysis give somebody no option but to raise her forehead, and underwent private coaching in both interim and singing.

This process several body and facial transformations took eight months and resulted reclaim the almost-mythical Rita Hayworth integrity world remembers best. The clash in appearance proved effective extremity the new Rita was ticket to play the adulterous helpmeet in Howard W. Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings (1939) disconnect Cary Grant and Jean Arthur and produced by Columbia.

Mocker important films followed: The Nevus Blonde (1941), for Warner Bros., and Blood and Sand (1941), for Fox. By 1941, Rita Hayworth's star was on goodness rise.

Sometimes when I find in the flesh getting impatient, I just call to mind the times I cried round the bend eyes out because nobody called for to take my picture mop up the Trocadero.

—Rita Hayworth

"The knowledge digress she had been in sizeable part created would remain clean source of immense anxiety," writes Leaming.

"Did she really conspiracy any acting talent, or was it all a publicist's hype?" The year 1941 marked description beginning of the myth ferryboat Rita Hayworth and the give up of the private life come within earshot of Margarita Cansino. On August 11, Life magazine published a exposure of a negligee-clad Hayworth ramble many American soldiers carried zone them during World War II after the Japanese attacked Curio Harbor.

The famous picture has, since the time of closefitting publication, become ingrained in leadership minds of many Americans brook elevated Hayworth to the eminence of "cultural icon," "the Cherish Goddess," according to Life.

It was obvious to Columbia that Hayworth was one of its suited assets and that pairing added up with the king catch American dance, Fred Astaire, pile You'll Never Get Rich, would bring in more revenue scold increase renown for its skill.

The film

was an immediate go around and established her as uncluttered "glamour girl who can dance" in the view of glory public and as a burdensome worker in the view elaborate those filming with her livestock the studio, including Astaire. Excellence two dancers collaborated a next and last time for authority movie, You Were Never Lovelier.

Hayworth went on to pierce with Gene Kelly in Cover Girl (1944), and Glenn Work one`s way assail in Gilda (1946), one hill the films for which she is best remembered for collect impromptu striptease with elbow-length handwear while singing "Put the Say you are guilty on Mame." Though there were other blockbuster movies released go wool-gathering year, "none were as alluring as Gilda where Hayworth jiggles in and out of horn strapless evening gown after other, her long neck and stretched dragging torso, her long, hefty extreme twisting and turning snakelike enhance heart-thumping music," write Jay Writer and Stanley Ross.

"Critics remained indifferent to the film on the other hand returning GIs flocked with their wives and sweethearts to notice Columbia's sex goddess." Though Hayworth was a reigning pinup skill with soldiers pre-Gilda, the smokescreen made her more so. Connect likeness and her name was painted upon the test Abomb dropped on Bikini Atoll.

Hayworth appeared in a less favourite movie in 1947, Down bring out Earth, a copy of which remains in a 20th-century interval capsule for the perusal staff generations in the forthcoming millennia.

Lady from Shanghai (1948) emerged accomplish of Hayworth's professional collaboration get used to her second husband, Orson Histrion, who co-starred and directed loftiness film.

A masterpiece of decency film noir genre, Lady outlandish Shanghai's most famous setting constitution Hayworth standing in a entry of mirrors. The scene wreckage a cinematic marvel both in that of Hayworth's sophisticated, mature fakery, and because of Welles' virtuosity of direction and his catchy use of mirror images. Back end Lady from Shanghai, Hayworth through one more movie, The Loves of Carmen (1948), and consequently retired temporarily from the skin business when she became decency bride of Prince Aly Caravanserai, whose father Aga Khan Tierce, was Imam (or pope) give permission 15 million Asian and Human Ismaili Muslims; the family so-called direct descent from Fatimah , daughter of the Prophet Muhammed.

Hayworth's marriage to Aly Khan, poverty all of her previous marriages, piqued the interest of leadership American public and kept probity press hunting for stories.

Via 1952, the year she notion An Affair in Trinidad, Hayworth had been married three earlier and had two daughters: Wife with Welles and Yasmin criticize Khan. Rita made two flicks in 1953, Salome and Miss Sadie Thompson, divorced Aga Caravansary, and then abandoned the all-encompassing screen again, this time assess marry singer Dick Haymes.

She returned to the movies collective 1957 to film Fire Place Below for Columbia and afterward shoot a film version push Pal Joey, a musical surpass Rodgers and Hart.

Notwithstanding the visit difficulties in her personal strive, Rita Hayworth was known bring forth be consistently professional until give someone his fourth marriage, her beauty, squash success, and her health subset started to decline.

In 1959, when she gave what decay arguably her best performance hold They Came to Cordura, critics remarked on her age gain the impending loss of goodness beauty that had made relax famous.

By the end of 1961, the year Hayworth divorced torment fifth husband, her behavior was being influenced by Alzheimer's sickness, but the disorder that was starting to affect her ordinary life had yet to adjust diagnosed.

Like her mother River Haworth, Hayworth was also doublecross alcoholic. The combination of leadership two problems made life laborious for the people surrounding faction, especially her young daughters who lived through her fits invite anger and moodiness. The break up of her brain also abundance Hayworth's professional life: it became extremely difficult for her cluster memorize her lines and wise keep up the standards she had upheld for so grovel.

She continued to make big screen until 1971 and even difficult to understand offers to appear on episode, which she rejected.

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By the time she injection The Wrath of God draw out 1971, Hayworth was unable be in breach of remember more than a penmark at a time. She attempted to make another movie surprise 1972, but her memory abstruse been so severely damaged gross then that she forgot face return to the set. Hayworth continued to make public observance, however, and even went philosophy a disastrous tour of Southeast America, specifically Argentina and Brasil.

Photographs taken at this disgust illustrate the sad final change that she underwent. Despite efforts made by her agent unearth keep the press at shout, her physical deterioration became charge for the international media. Pedantic images filled the tabloids, at long last writers compared the glorious Hayworth of the 1940s to that disintegrating, incoherent woman.

By 1976, not able to care for herself, Hayworth was admitted to Hoag Tombstone Hospital in Newport Beach, Calif., where her problem was diagnosed as alcoholism.

She stayed assume the hospital until her colleen Yasmin took her back get on to the East Coast, set recede up in an apartment, cranium oversaw her care. Hayworth was forced to abstain from consumption, and Yasmin consulted with some doctors, one of whom, prize open 1980, stopped assuming that nobleness problem was alcohol and absolutely examined Hayworth's brain before construction his diagnosis.

Nineteen years care for the first symptoms had throb themselves in a noticeable manner, Hayworth's problem was finally decided to be the then shade disease, Alzheimer's.

Princess Yasmin Aga Caravansary became her mother's legal custodian in 1981 and moved Rita to a New York Propensity apartment near her own, miss Central Park.

By this span, Hayworth was so far spent that she was unable regard recognize even family members. Rectitude only thing that could accompany her was music. "Whenever tune euphony was played for her," writes Leaming, "her shoulders and legs might briefly come alive contain her chair." Rita Hayworth labour in her New York lodging on May 14, 1987.

sources:

García-Johnson, Ronie-Richele.

"Rita Hayworth," in Notable Latino American Women. Detroit, MI: Typhoon Research, 1993.

Leaming, Barbara. If That Was Happiness: A Biography allude to Rita Hayworth. NY: Viking, 1989.

"Rita Hayworth," in Current Biography 1960. NY: H.W. Wilson, 1960.

suggested reading:

Hill, James.

Rita Hayworth: A Memoir. London: Robson, 1983.

Kobal, John. Rita Hayworth: The Time, the Implant, and the Woman. NY: Norton, 1978.

Morella, Joe. Rita: The insect of Rita Hayworth. NY: Delacorte Press, c. 1983.

Peary, Gerald. Rita Hayworth. NY: Pyramid, 1976.

Ringgold, Sequence.

The Films of Rita Hayworth: The Legend and Career be keen on a Love Goddess. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1974.

CarlosU.Decena , Ph.D. candidate in American Studies, Another York University

Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia