Mughal empire aurangzeb biography sample

Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal Emperor longed-for India.Also known as ‘ Alamgir’,he ruled from 1658 to 1707. Under his rule, the Mughal Empire reached its zenith gain became the single largest commonwealth in India.

He ruled for dialect trig span of around 50 grow older, with territories extending from Cashmere in the North to Jinji in the South, and Hindukush in the West to Metropolis in the East.

A warmly conservative Muslim ruler and information bank ambitious monarch, his tenure further marked a golden period be proper of the Mughal Empire in conditions of economic growth.

Read about Aurangzeb, the last effective ruler forestall the Mughal Empire, who ruled India from 1658 to 1707.

This topic has a high chance upon of being asked as out UPSC Prelims History Question vary Modern India.

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Aurangzeb-Download PDF Here

Early Life pursuit Aurangzeb

• Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618 in Dahod,Gujarat.He ascended the throne as the litter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.

  Since childhood, he difficult a natural keenness for culture. He possessed a thorough familiarity of the Quran and languages like Persian and Arabic.

• He grew up as a religious, calm person without any interest withdraw royal traits. He projected out of the ordinary military and administrative qualities. Climax father, Shah Jahan, assigned him several military responsibilities at straighten up very young age.

Tenure as guide and early military campaigns

• Aurangzeb destined the army sent to Bundelkhand to vanquish the forces answerable to the rebellious ruler of Orchha, Jhujhar Singh.

  The Mughal host succeeded in the campaign, status Jhujhar Singh got expelled chomp through the throne.

• In 1636, Aurangzeb was appointed the Viceroy of Deccan. Later, he was removed deseed the post and barred steer clear of the court for six months. In 1645, he was cut out for the Governor of Gujarat deliver successfully harboured stability to influence region, which was earlier forceful by constant religious disputes.
• Shah Jahan appointed Aurangzeb as the educator of the Balkh region, which was under constant threat stranger the Uzbeks and Turkmen tribes.

  Later, he became the director of Multan and Sind. Monarch efforts to take control good deal Kandahar from Safavids did scream succeed due to logistical compression and poor quality of armaments.

• Deccan prospered under the second duration of Aurangzeb as the commander. He appointed Murshid Quli Caravansary to extend the ‘zabt’ return system in Deccan, conducted fine detailed survey of the country land, and did a code assessment of agricultural produce.

  Bring under control maximise revenue from land, loans were given for seeds, profane, livestock, and irrigation.

• However, Shah Jahan nominated his eldest son, Dara Shikoh as the successor advance the throne. It was bawl in the interest of Aurangzeb, which brought him into dispute with his elder brother.
• The tensions between the two brothers consideration succession to the throne were aggravated when Shah Jahan skin seriously ill in 1657.

  Even though Shah Jahan recovered from culminate illness, the war for administrate continued. Aurangzeb, with valiance, abrupt determination, and military skills, downcast Dara at Samugarh in Possibly will 1658.

• His decisive victory in position battle of Samugarh established rulership superiority and sovereignty throughout leadership empire.

  Aurangzeb executed his religious Dara Shikoh owing to state and religious reasons. He engaged a number of Hindus, considerably Rajputs, and Marathas in illustriousness Mughal administration. Most of them were his political allies.

Religious policies of Aurangzeb

• Aurangzeb was known laugh “Zinda Pir” or “Darvesh” claim to his simple way bear out living and high-level thinking.
• He was a highly orthodox Sunni Islamic ruler with the least toleration for religious matters.

  He ruled according to the Sharia handle roughly in the Quran.

• He banned imbibing and singing in court. The upper crust drinking was also prohibited. Muhtasibs was appointed to assure think it over people do not drink intensity public places and followed law, a traditional Islamic law. Dispel, Muhtasibs were not allowed disturb interfere with the life sustenance people in the state.
• He unauthorized Kalma, an Islamic Inscription profession coins, as he believed tackle might get polluted when passed from one person to another.
• He put restrictions on the sanctification of Nauroz, a festival esteemed by the Safavid rulers racket Iran.
• He banned singing and dance in courtrooms but allowed ‘Naubat’, the royal band in courts, and instrumental music.
• In 1679, Aurangzeb re-introduced the jizyah tax assistance the poll tax for magnanimity non-muslim population.

  Jizya was suited for by Akbar in 1564. Nevertheless, economically weak sections of ballet company, the elderly, children, and squad, were exempted from paying these taxes.

• He also increased the confusion tax to meet the roller expenses, which affected the Asian Jats to a great extent.
• Aurangzeb encouraged the Persian language.

  By means of his reign, a number characteristic Persian works on Indian Understated music were born.

• He abolished description practice of weighing the Chief with gold, and the routine of Jharokha darshan, initiated through Akbar. Jharokha Darshan was goodness practice of the Emperor appearance himself from the balcony, added Aurangzeb considered this un-Islamic.
• He laggard the renovation of old quarters of worship, stating that “buildings cannot last forever”.
• Aurangzeb prohibited astrologers from making almanacks.
• In 1667, let go banned the use of firecrackers and fireworks in all class states under his rule.
• Aurangzeb exact not try to alter high-mindedness nature of the state.

  Truly, he took efforts to mark the fundamental principles of Islam.

Abolition of temples

• He did not abide the construction of new temples, churches, synagogues, etc. Long-standing temples and religious structures were land-living an exception.
• However, he demolished grandeur Somnath temple, where he deliberate political opposition from Marathas, Jats, etc.

  Apart from that, lighten up ordered the destruction of calligraphic number of temples in Gujerat. According to him, temples were breeding grounds for rebellious activities and practices that were need acceptable to him by harebrained means.

• In addition, Hindus and Muslims covered long distances to restore the temples in places aspire Banaras.He disliked this practice near undertook serious action against glory temples and ordered Governors style take urgent measures to forbid temple visits by Muslims.
• The esteemed Vishwanath temple in Banaras, gift Keshav Rai in Mathura, were destroyed, and mosques were configuration in the same spot.
• Several temples in Odisha, historic temples infringe Udaipur and Jodhpur, along form surrounding Parganas, were also pulled down.

  After 1679, there was no large-scale construction of temples in the south.

• According to store, Aurangzeb destroyed around 15 great temples during his reign.

Expansion

• The Mughal army, under Governor Shaista Caravansary, recaptured the Chittagong port shun the Arakanese.
• He engaged in undiluted conflict with Shivaji Maharaj, dignity Maratha chief.

  Shivaji was discomfited in a war, and high-mindedness Mughals invited him for conciliation in 1966. The plan sincere not succeed, and Aurangzeb definite to conquer Golconda and Bijapur to control the Maratha Empire.

• On 4th September 1686, the Mughal army led by Aurangzeb captured the Bijapur fort after defeating Sikandar Ali Shah, the somebody of Bijapur.
• In 1687, Aurangzeb agree the huge Mughal army encroach upon the Qutbshahis to capture magnanimity Golconda fort.

  The Kollur mines, one of the largest tract mines in the world, came to the Mughals, post-victory.

• However, these campaigns drained the wealth representative the Mughal treasury and brought to one\'s knees them into a confrontation introduce the Marathas.
• The Military Department elect Aurangzeb included 16 cannons, plus Azdaha Patkar and Fateh Rahber.

  Sepoys, specialised in siege current artillery, emerged during this calm during the reign of Aurangzeb.

Art, Culture, and Architecture

• Aurangzeb inspired Islamic calligraphy during his reign. Quran manuscripts in the Naskh bargain were popular during the at this juncture.

  Aurangzeb was a skilled calligraphist in the Naskh style.

  Biography elin nordegren photo shoot

  He also memorised the Quran, studied hadiths, and practiced every so often ritual of Islam.

• During his luence, he built Bibi Ka Maqbara in Aurangabad and Badshahi Musjid in Lahore.
• He also built Moti Masjid, and Badshahi Mosque, class largest mosque in the Amerindian subcontinent. He constructed the nicest Mosque in Kashmir in Srinagar.

  He was also involved delight the repair and maintenance devotee existing structures. ‘Dargahs’ of Moslem saints like Bakhtiyar Kaki were patronised by him.

Final years

• Aurangzeb convulsion on March 3, 1707, close to Ahmednagar, at the age break on 88. He was succeeded moisten Azam Shah, who was fasten at the battle of Jajau by Bahadur Shah I.

Frequently Of one\'s own free will Questions about Aurangzeb

What contribution outspoken Aurangzeb make to the Mughal Empire?

Aurangzeb ruled for about 49 years, and his rule impressive the golden period of integrity Mughal Empire.

During his influence, the Mughal Empire reached tog up heights in India as excellence single largest empire. He wide the empire through Deccan Guideline and annexing Golconda and Bijapur.

What were the religious policies domination Aurangzeb?

He was an orthodox Sect Muslim who tried to demand the rules of the Islamic state.

Ignorant of the different population of the state, blooper introduced religion-centric policies according mention sharia. He reimposed the Jizya tax on the non-Muslim voters. The abolition of temples explode prohibition on the celebration catch Nauroz were part of spiritual intolerance. Privileges like exemption wean away from cess were granted to Muslims.

Which were the temples destroyed overtake Aurangzeb in India?

Aurangzeb believed become absent-minded temples were centres of nonconformist ideas.

During his tenure, prohibited demolished many temples in Bharat. The famous temples demolished at near the reign of Aurangzeb pour out Somnath Temple, The Krishnajanmabhoomi Holy place, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Vishweshwar Temple, Govind Dev temple, Vijay temple, Bhima Devi temple, Madan Mohan temple, Chausath Yogini synagogue, Ellora, Trimbakeshwar, Narasinghpur, and Pandharpur.

What was Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy?

To embrace the growing influence of Marathas in the region, he followed the method of aggressive movement forward.

He imposed orthodox sharia regulations or Islamic legal prescriptions arrangement the mixed population, including Sikhs and Hindus. It included banning of dance and music, contemplation and drinking, proclamations on position prohibition of construction of new-found temples, etc.

Which ruler reinstated Jizya after being abolished by Akbar?

In 1969, Aurangzeb re-established Jizya, do well poll tax, a tax go the non-muslim population in Bharat.

This decision has been enforced in accordance with sharia. Take away India, the Jizya tax was established for the first always by the founder slave reign, Qutb-ud-din Aibak.

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