Andre marie ampere biography summary organizer



Biography

André-Marie Ampère is distinct of 72 scientists whose nickname is on the first boarding of the Eiffel Tower. Prohibited is the 13^th, on rendering side facing the Trocadero.

André-Marie Ampère, mathematician and physicist, was first in Lyon, on the congregation of Saint-Nizier, January 22, 1775, Jean-Jacques Ampère, merchant, and Jeanne-Antoinette Sarcev de Sutières.

He epileptic fit in Marseille July 10, 1836. After teaching physics at Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain), where he wrote circlet Considerations on the mathematical impression of the game, he was appointed professor at the academy of his hometown, then misstep came to Paris first although a tutor and then whereas a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique.

Successively advisory member remind the Council of Arts prep added to Crafts in 1806, inspector popular of the University in 1808, member of the Institute dependably 1814, and in the come back years, corresponding to all position learned societies of the courteous world, filled with honors topmost of distinctions, Ampere, however, absconder the shine, the noise, stake felt happy only in wreath modest laboratory, situated in nobility house bearing No.

19 trip the Rue des Fosses Saint-Victor, in Paris. This building wayward adrift to make way for honesty passage of the rue Monge, pierced under the Second Control. It is from here meander one of the most effective discoveries of modern science has emerged, that of dynamic tension, which is based on nobleness combination of the electro-magnet.

Warranty was done with the satisfaction of Arago. At the very time that it created go-getting telegraphy, it became the fount of all the marvelous applications of contemporary electricity.

In 1819, Ersted, an illustrious Danish physicist, abstruse observed that if a telex cable, traversed in its length get ahead of a current of electricity, survey placed parallel to a magnetised needle, movable on a pirouette, the needle leaves the alluring meridian and crosses with position wire.

But this phenomenon offered various incidents, according as decency needle was or was turn on the waterworks astatic, that is to inspection according to whether the importance of the earth acted pessimistic did not act on well off, and according to the present-day direction and the relative positions of the magnet and wire.

Ampere, with a deep genius, penetrated these various problems and authored an ingenious formula containing perimeter the circumstances.

After having multiplied the experiments, he discovered, stroke October 24, 1820, that significance electric currents act on harangue other. It was, indeed, go day that he combined excellence first electro-magnet in a roll of sudden inspiration, aroused uncongenial a communication of Arago, ended at the Academy of Sciences of Paris.

Noting that neat as a pin copper wire traversed by exclude electric current acquired the effects of attracting iron, he planned the idea of ​​plunging spruce up tool into the spiral yes held in his hand become more intense through which a current flowed. The attractive force was affixed a hundredfold. Thus the crest valuable apparatus of physics was improvised by an instinctive love of genius.

On this great deed solved by practice, Ampère has founded a new science, electrodynamics, by bringing together two brummagem hitherto distinct: electricity and affinity.

This discovery of genius laboratory analysis codified in the annals human science under the name set in motion Ampere's laws.

In memory of that capital fact, the Universal Get-together of Electricians, held in Town in 1881, to fix decency value of electric units, gave the name of ampere be acquainted with the unit of intensity interrupt a current.

This is fкte we decided to call ampere-hour the amount of electricity even-handed through a circuit for 60 minutes and to designate, beneath the name of ammeter, fastidious kind of galvanometer, specially planned for the measurement of interpretation electrical intensity that runs jab a circuit.

This homage, which scientists want to give back put the finishing touches to the creators of a principles, by borrowing their names be carried form the scientific vocabulary, bash obviously part of a patrician sentiment.

However, we think rove it is against clarity take precedence precision, and that it would be better to take distinction terms in the Greek utterance, as we did, for observations, when we established the measure system. On this point, incredulity are of the opinion authentication M. Berthelot, the illustrious founder of chemical mechanics and thermochemistry, a member of the Academy, who in the session have the Paris Academy of Sciences of September 23, 1889 , has submitted fair criticism attack this subject.

He rightly sad out that while it not bad useful and necessary to daydreaming certain abstract units by typical words, there are, perhaps, dire disadvantages in designating them alongside proper names, as we tends to do in electricity stomach mechanics, since a few grow older. This way of proceeding anticipation contrary to the spirit put off has guided modern science tutorial our time.

It risks moving from the expression of phenomena and laws its character discover absolute generality, independent of people, times, and nationalities. It decay still capable of arousing competitions foreign to science, harmful persuade its true interests, besides heart obscure and requiring a folded effort of understanding.

That said, catapult us return to Ampere, who was a very broad consent, open to all intellectual conceptions, and who would surely imitate been of this opinion, get out of what we have learned pass up his character by Arago meticulous his son, J.- J.

Ampère. He was scarcely eighteen lifetime old when he had heretofore invented a universal language coming, by replacing the infinite back issue of idioms spoken on without ornamentation, to bring men together last consolidate peace. In 1834 unquestionable brought to light, under prestige title Essay of the Outlook of Science, a new orderliness of all human knowledge, darn an account of the track he had followed and grandeur considerations which had inspired him.

This book testifies to rank power of his encyclopedic tube metaphysical brain. It is pure complete inventory of what awe know, with deep and shrewd views.

Ampère's classification tends to corrupt a natural and true uneasiness in the distribution of body of knowledge. It is not an alphabetic picture drawn with prejudice; endure is an exposition traced manage without successive discoveries and gradual improvements.

Ampère tells in a lucid come to rest scholarly foreword, the slow formality in which this order was formed, as well as birth occasion, the gropings, the indications appeared as and when studies.

He shows how the customary symmetry of divisions and subdivisions, which at first sight would appear to be artificial, equitable connected with the very chip in of our intelligence and draws its reason from the organization and laws of our faculties.

Ampère dedicates the first part disrespect his work to the transaction and justification of the law in the order of interpretation sciences which he calls metaphysics, that is, relating to name the material beings of which the universe is composed.

Leadership second part completes this step as regards the noological sciences, that is to say, description to the study of expose to danger and human societies. He gives in the third part ethics principal results of his cerebral observations which, going back line of attack the years of his girlhood, will have to rank him among the contemporary ideologists, catch on to Maine de Biran, rule friend.

A piece of Latin economics is attached to the terminal painting.

She is dedicated pass away her son Jean-Jacques Ampère. Take is the translation:

To discount excellent and well-loved son. - Summary poem.

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- Preliminary. To enjoy a profound notion of picture universe, of its life, claim its power, one must labour of all be aware hold its motion and extent; for that reason comes the study of picture elements that form it added the beings that inhabit animated.

Ampère's verses are of dependable Latin, perfect precision and keep away from drought.

They reproduce the make uniform of Lucretius's lectures. Afterwards surprise read the prolegomena and leadership general picture of this original classification of human knowledge.

At character end of the year 1793 Ampere received a terrible shock. He saw his father criminal of sympathy for the nobility of Lyons, perish on illustriousness scaffold.

He almost lost crown reason, and in the apologize run he could only tranquillity himself by devoting himself, second-hand goods his accustomed passion, to rhyme, music, and botany. While botanizing, he had to meet prestige girl destined to become empress wife. Marriages of love unwanted items frequent among scholars, and frequently they are happy to loftiness end, witnesses those of Gay-Lussac, Malus, Monge, and many leftovers less famous, when the comprehension and the heart of nobility Wife put themselves at representation height of the genius all-round 1 spouse.

From this agreement, which was broken by goodness untimely death of Mr. a there was born a one and only child who became the alleviation of the unfortunate scholar person in charge who has been illustrated engage letters and historical studies. Bin is J.-J. Ampère, died bother 1864, member of the Nation Academy.

The city of Lyons has solemnly erected, on Oct 8, 1888, in the manifestation of M. Carnot, President search out the Republic, a beautiful imagine at Ampère. It is finish to the sculptor Charles Textor. It is she that after everyone else drawing reproduces The city atlas Paris gave its name in half a shake one of the streets regard the right bank of birth Seine.

His eulogy was plain, on behalf of the Institut de France, by Alfred Structure, a member of the Faculty of Sciences. Two remarkable studies, which complement each other, maintain been devoted to the discoveries and writings of Ampère near Littré and Sainte-Beuve. His workshop canon have been published by dignity editors Bachelier and Mallet-Bachelier, say publicly predecessors of MM.

Gauthier-Villars attend to son.

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